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NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

K–10English K–10 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation for K–2 from 2023 and 3–10 from 2024

Content

Stage 4

Understanding and responding to texts A
Representation
  • Explore how language and text are acts of representation that range from objective to subjective and may offer layers of literal or implied meanings, and apply this understanding in own texts

Code and convention
  • Use appropriate metalanguage to describe how meaning is constructed through linguistic and stylistic elements in texts

  • Understand how language forms, features and structures, in a variety of texts, vary according to context, purpose and audience, and demonstrate this understanding through written, spoken, visual and multimodal responses

  • Analyse how texts can draw on the codes and conventions of a range of modes and media to shape new meanings, and demonstrate this understanding in own texts

  • Explore how Standard Australian English has been influenced by a range of languages and dialects

Connotation, imagery and symbol
  • Analyse how figurative language and devices can represent ideas, thoughts and feelings to communicate meaning

  • Apply knowledge of how different patterns and combinations of figurative language devices can shape meaning throughout a text through established or dynamic associations, and experiment with these devices in own texts

  • Explain how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors use figurative language and devices to shape meaning

Point of view
  • Recognise how texts engage and position the audience to perceive events, characters and ideas using narrative voice and focalisers, tense, sequencing and intrusion, and apply this understanding in own texts

  • Understand how choice of first, second and third-person voice can establish different relationships between creator and audience, and experiment with changes in point of view in own texts

Characterisation
  • Analyse how engaging characters are constructed in texts through a range of language features and structures, and use these features and structures in own texts

  • Describe how characters in texts, including stereotypes, archetypes, flat and rounded, static and dynamic characters represent values and attitudes, and experiment with these in own texts

  • Understand how the interactions of characters, such as protagonists and antagonists, might be perceived to represent aspects of human relationships, and experiment with interactions when composing texts

Narrative
  • Understand narrative conventions, such as setting, plot and sub-plot, and how they are used to represent events and personally engage the reader, viewer or listener with ideas and values in texts, and apply this understanding in own texts

  • Examine how narratives can depict personal and collective identities, values and experiences

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