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NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

11–12Mathematics Standard 11–12 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation from 2026
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Year 12 – Standard 2

Relative frequency and probability
  • Recognise that probabilities range from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain) and can be represented as fractions, decimals and percentages

  • Identify and define the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes of a chance experiment

  • Determine the number of outcomes for an experiment

  • Express the probability of an event that has a finite number of equally likely outcomes, as event=number of favourable outcomestotal number of outcomes
  • Apply an event does not occur=1-the event does occur to calculate the probability of the complement of an event
  • Construct and use arrays, tree diagrams and probability trees to determine the outcomes and probabilities for multistage events

  • Determine the probabilities of outcomes for multistage events using PA and B=P(A)×P(B)
  • Use relative frequency as an estimate of probability

  • Recognise that increasing the number of trials produces relative frequencies that become closer in value to the theoretical probability

  • Calculate the expected frequency of an event occurring using np where n is the number of times an experiment is repeated, and p is the probability that the event occurs on each of those times
  • Construct and interpret Venn diagrams and two-way tables from given information, limited to combinations of two attributes, and use them to solve problems in a variety of contexts

  • Examine the use of statistics and the associated probabilities in shaping decisions made by the media, governments and companies

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