Skip to content

A NSW Government website

Welcome to the NSW Curriculum website

NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

7–10Geography Elective 7–10 Syllabus (2025)

Implementation from 2028
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Stage 5

Physical geography: Extreme environments

Content in Thinking and working geographically outlines how geographical concepts, inquiry skills and tools are to be integrated with the content in this focus area.

Loading 
Thinking and working geographically
  • Select and apply relevant geographical concepts

  • Conduct geographical inquiry by analysing geographical information

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of a geographical inquiry

  • Select a range of relevant geographical tools

  • Create written texts to describe and explain geographical processes relating to extreme environments

Environmental extremes
  • Nature of environmental extremes and how they differ from extreme environmental events

  • Global distribution of extreme environments including high-altitude areas, polar regions, deserts, geothermal zones

  • Characteristics of extreme environments, including temperature extremes, chemical conditions, oxygen availability and difficult terrain

  • Changing environmental conditions that make environments more extreme

Extreme environments shaped by climate and altitude
  • The influence of latitude, insolation and seasonal variation on environmental conditions

  • Atmospheric factors that contribute to extreme environments, including temperature, precipitation, wind and ultraviolet (UV) radiation

  • The role of altitude in shaping environmental extremes, including low atmospheric pressure or oxygen availability, thin air and temperature decline with elevation

  • The role of climate change in intensifying environments and contributing to the emergence or expansion of extreme environments

Physical and chemical characteristics of extreme environments
  • Geomorphic and geophysical processes that create extreme landforms and environments

  • The influence of soil type, terrain and surface conditions on the habitability and biological productivity of extreme environments

  • Chemical characteristics and mineral compositions that influence the survival of flora, fauna and humans in extreme environments

  • Interactions between physical, chemical and climatic factors that amplify environmental extremes

Investigative study

Investigation of at least ONE extreme environment.

  • Features and characteristics of the selected extreme environment

  • Adaptations of flora, fauna and ecosystems to the conditions of the selected extreme environment

  • Technological innovations and adaptations that facilitate human interactions with the selected extreme environment

  • Aboriginal Peoples’ or other international Indigenous Peoples’ interactions with the selected extreme environment

  • Contemporary geographical issues relating to the selected extreme environment

Related files