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NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

7–10Geography 7–10 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation from 2027
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Stage 5

Geographical tools

Geographical tools content is to be integrated throughout the course where appropriate.

Maps

Maps are to be integrated into Stage 5 as appropriate: large-scale maps and small-scale maps, relief maps, special-purpose maps, physical maps, political maps, sketch maps, précis maps, topographic maps, land use maps and thematic maps, such as choropleth maps, isoline maps, cartogram maps, dot maps, flowline maps, weather maps or synoptic charts, graduated or proportional symbol maps.

  • Identify key features on a range of maps using cartographic conventions

  • Identify relationships between physical and human features using a range of maps

  • Identify and interpret spatial patterns using a range of maps

  • Distinguish between large-scale maps and small-scale maps

  • Determine direction using a 16-point compass

  • Locate features on a map using latitude and longitude coordinates in degrees and minutes

  • Locate features on a map using area and grid references

  • Measure distances on a map using a ratio scale

  • Identify and interpret contour lines

  • Determine the altitude of a location using contour lines

  • Calculate the local relief between 2 points using spot heights and contour lines

  • Identify the aspect of a slope using contour lines

  • Calculate the gradient of a slope as a ratio

  • Calculate area on a map using a ratio scale

  • Construct a cross-section from a topographic map

  • Measure bearings on a map

  • Determine the density of a specific feature on a map

  • Construct and interpret choropleth maps and thematic maps

  • Analyse weather maps, including wind speed and direction, pressure patterns, fronts and rainfall, to determine weather conditions and patterns and make simple weather predictions

Fieldwork

Fieldwork instruments are to be integrated into Stage 5 as appropriate: compasses, global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), fieldwork transects, measuring equipment, weather instruments, identification charts, testing equipment and photographic devices.

Fieldwork is used to collect and observe data through one or more senses, using geographical tools such as maps, graphs or spatial technologies to identify connections and draw conclusions. Fieldwork may involve measuring, collecting and recording data, and developing and conducting surveys or interviews.

  • Develop geographical questions and plan an inquiry

  • Identify, collect and record geographical information

  • Develop and conduct surveys and interviews

  • Use fieldwork tools to collect geographical information

  • Draw conclusions from the data collected

  • Evaluate the fieldwork study

Data and graphs

Data and graphs are to be integrated into Stage 5 as appropriate: sector graphs, climate graphs, population profiles, scatter plots, bubble charts, line, column and bar graphs.

Quantitative data can be recorded and represented using tally marks and charts, datasets, data tables and graphs.

  • Construct and interpret a range of data tables and graphs

  • Construct and interpret population profiles

  • Construct and interpret sector graphs

  • Use scatter plots and bubble charts to identify correlations within data

  • Use a range of graphs and tables

  • Use quantitative data and graphs to identify patterns, trends and changes

  • Identify and calculate maximum, minimum, total, mean, median, mode, range and rank order

Spatial technologies

Spatial technologies are to be integrated into Stage 5 as appropriate: virtual or digital maps, satellite images, global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), augmented reality, virtual reality and remote sensing data.

  • Interpret geographical information using a range of spatial technologies

  • Determine connections, impacts and changes over time using virtual or digital maps and satellite images

  • Measure distances and calculate area using virtual or digital maps

  • Record and map features at different locations using GPS

  • Interpret relationships between geographical data using GIS

  • Analyse remote sensing data to interpret features in the environment

Additional geographical representations

Additional geographical representations are to be integrated into Stage 5 as appropriate: 3D models and globes, illustrations, multimedia, tactile graphics and models, paintings and artworks, diagrams, infographics, mind maps, cartoons, flowcharts, transects, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Knowledge Systems (such as Cultural mapping and Oral Histories), sketches such as field sketches, line drawings and photo sketches, digital tools such as apps and web tools, and photographs classified by location and angle.

  • Identify different types of photographs from the location they were taken or the angle at which they were taken

  • Interpret photographs and satellite images to determine how a place has changed over time

  • Identify and describe spatial patterns and changes using a variety of geographical representations

  • Use tactile graphics and models to conceptualise geographical information

  • Use photographs and satellite images to describe the rate and extent of change

  • Document experiences of places and spaces using photographs and other relevant geographical representations

  • Describe and explain spatial patterns and changes using a range of geographical representations

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