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NSW Education Standards Authority

7–10Science 7–10 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation from 2026
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Stage 5

Genetics and evolutionary change

Working scientifically

In this focus area, students develop skills in processing data and information, as well as developing communication skills. Additional Working scientifically outcomes and skills may be integrated with this content.

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DNA structure and function
  • Identify that all organisms have information coded in genetic material

  • Observe and model the arrangement of genetic information in an organism to define and compare the terms DNA, gene, chromosome and genome

  • Relate the structure of the DNA double helix to its functions

  • Discuss the nature of scientific discovery by comparing the contributions of scientists involved in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

Variation and inheritance
  • Outline how genetic information is passed on to offspring by sexual and asexual reproduction

  • Identify that multiple genes and multiple environmental factors interact in the development of most traits

  • Explain how DNA mutation can result in genetic variation with beneficial, harmful or minimal effects on the functioning of an organism

  • Outline the connection between genotypes and phenotypes, using Mendelian inheritance for both plants and animals

  • Use pedigrees and Punnett squares to model monogenic gene-trait relationships and make predictions about patterns of inheritance

Genetic technologies
  • Identify examples of current and emerging genetic technologies

  • Discuss applications of genetic technologies in conservation, agriculture, industry and medicine

  • Discuss the applications of genetic testing and its associated social, economic and ethical implications

The theory of evolution and evidence of natural selection
  • Explain how the processes of natural selection and isolation can lead to changes within and between species

  • Investigate, using evidence, how the complexity and diversity of organisms have changed over geological timescales

  • Identify and discuss Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ artwork that indicate changes in plants and animals, including megafauna

  • Discuss how scientists developed and refined the theory of evolution, and explain why an understanding of the origins of species is important

Genetics and evolutionary change in context
  • Use an ethical framework to construct evidence-based written arguments about the implications of a genetic technology, including the ethical implications of the continued use of the immortal HeLa cell line

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