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NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

7–10Science 7–10 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation from 2026
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Stage 4

Cells and classification

Working scientifically

In this focus area, students develop skills in using scientific tools and instruments for observations, as well as conducting investigations and communicating scientific ideas and concepts. Additional Working scientifically outcomes and skills may be integrated with this content.

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Classification of living things
  • Describe the characteristics of living things

  • Discuss the role and importance of classification in ordering and organising the diversity of life on Earth

  • Classify species using scientific conventions from the binomial system of classification, including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

  • Conduct an investigation to observe and identify the similarities and differences of structural features within and between groups of organisms

  • Investigate how organisms in an Australian habitat are adapted to their environment and document findings in a written scientific report

  • Interpret dichotomous keys to identify organisms surveyed in an Australian habitat

  • Explain how plants and animals are classified in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures based on their uses, forms and functions

Cells
  • Outline cell theory

  • Identify which cell structures and organelles are common in plant and animal cells

  • Describe the functions of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus containing DNA, mitochondria and chloroplasts

  • Compare the structure of plant and animal cells to identify similarities and differences

  • Conduct an investigation to observe and record the similarities and differences between different cells, including fungi, bacteria, plant and animal cells, using microscopes and/or images obtained from microscopes

  • Identify cellular respiration via mitochondria, and photosynthesis via chloroplasts, as examples of important processes that take place in specialised organelles

  • Draw single-celled organisms observed under a microscope

  • Describe the role of specialised cells in multicellular organisms and explain why they are needed

  • Represent the arrangement of specialised cells in tissues and in organs

  • Examine the relationship between structure and function for a range of specialised cells

  • Conduct a practical investigation to observe and compare prepared slides of specialised cells

Cells and classification in context
  • Research an organism to explain its classification and describe how it embodies all the characteristics shared by living things

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