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NSW Education Standards Authority

11–12Biology 11–12 Syllabus (2025)

Record of changes
Implementation from 2027
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Year 12

Biotechnology

Relevant Working scientifically outcomes and content must be integrated with each focus area. All the Working scientifically outcomes and content must be addressed by the end of Year 12.

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Modern biotechnologies
  • Discuss the roles of biological knowledge, genetic engineering and bioinformatics techniques used in biotechnology

  • Use examples to explain how biotechnology is currently used in Australian research, agriculture, biodiversity conservation and health

  • Use examples to compare transgenic organisms and genetically modified organisms

  • Compare germline genetic changes in reproductive and genetic engineering biotechnologies

  • Assess the role of data and modelling in developing and using biotechnology

Biotechnology in human diseases
  • Use examples to explain how biotechnologies diagnose genetic diseases

  • Assess the use of genetic databases for the analysis of the prevalence of a genetic disease

  • Discuss the risks and benefits of using biotechnologies to provide personalised information about the risk of developing, and management of, a non-infectious disease

  • Outline the method and outcome of 2 selected gene therapies used to reduce the impact of genetic conditions

  • Conduct a scientific investigation to model the process of using recombinant DNA technology to produce human insulin

  • Analyse data to evaluate a biotechnology used fora selected non-infectious disease

  • Discuss current and future applications of biotechnology to improve outcomes of a selected non-infectious disease

  • Assess the ethical and legal implications of using gene therapies in health care

  • Compare the processes of 2 current biotechnologies used in diagnosing infectious diseases

  • Conduct a secondary-source investigation to evaluate the use of biotechnologies on the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases

  • Evaluate the potential societal benefits of using genetic technologies to manage infectious diseases

Biotechnology in agriculture and biodiversity
  • Discuss Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples' uses and applications of biotechnologies

  • Account for the use of artificial pollination in Australian agriculture, including its methods and outcomes

  • Conduct a secondary-source investigation on a current plant reproductive technology used to support biodiversity in Australia

  • Discuss how bioinformatics is used to determine the health of an ecosystem

  • Use an example to account for the use of bioinformatics to inform decisions about the conservation of an Australian species

  • Discuss the benefits and ethical implications of using a genetically modified plant to address a nutritional deficiency

  • Evaluate the release of a genetically modified organism into the wild and predict the impacts on natural populations

  • Assess the influence of social, economic and cultural contexts on the use of a biotechnology in agriculture

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