11–12Chemistry 11–12 Syllabus (2025)

Use molecular formulas, condensed structural formulas, expanded structural formulas and skeletal structures to represent hydrocarbons

Use International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature to name and construct representations of straight chain and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons C1–C8

Construct and model chain isomers of alkanes C1–C8 to compare their molecular shapes

Explain why alkanes, alkenes and alkynes belong to different homologous series

Construct and model the position isomers and geometric isomers of alkenes and alkynes C1–C8 and explore their molecular shapes

Assess the health and safety risks when handling and disposing of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons

Conduct a laboratory experiment to compare the chemical properties of alkanes and alkenes

Relate intermolecular forces to the shapes, bonding and polarity of molecules

Conduct a secondary-source investigation to analyse the relationship between boiling point and chain length of straight chain hydrocarbons C1–C8

Use IUPAC nomenclature to name and construct representations of haloalkanes C1–C8

Construct chemical equations and models to represent the addition reaction of alkenes when added to hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides (HX) and water

Construct chemical equations and models to represent the substitution reaction between alkanes and halogens to form haloalkanes

Explain reactivity differences between alkanes and alkenes during addition reactions and substitution reactions

Conduct a secondary-source investigation to discuss the uses of methane and ethene in relation to their physical and chemical properties

Solve chemical reaction problems involving hydrocarbons to determine the quantities of reactants and products

Use molecular formulas, condensed structural formulas, expanded structural formulas and skeletal structures to represent alcohols

Use IUPAC nomenclature to name and construct representations of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols C1–C8

Explain the properties of homologous series of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols in terms of intermolecular and intramolecular bonding

Conduct a secondary-source investigation to analyse the relationship between chain length, boiling point and solubility in water in straight chain primary alcohols C1–C8

Use IUPAC nomenclature to name and construct representations of position isomers of alcohols C1–C8

Compare the reactants, products and experimental conditions of complete and incomplete combustion reactions

Construct equations, state conditions and predict products to represent complete combustion of alcohols C1–C8

Analyse the relationship between enthalpy of combustion and chain length of alcohols

Conduct a laboratory experiment to measure the enthalpy of combustion of a variety of alcohols

Construct equations, state conditions and predict products relating to the dehydration of alcohols

Account for aldehyde and ketone products in the oxidation of alcohols

Construct equations, state conditions and predict products relating to the substitution of alcohols with hydrogen halides (HX)

Conduct a laboratory experiment to demonstrate the reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

Construct equations to illustrate the production of alcohols using haloalkane substitution reactions

Solve chemical reaction problems involving alcohols to determine the quantities of reactants and products

Evaluate the processes involved in producing alcohol from plants and crude oil

Use molecular formulas, condensed structural formulas, expanded structural formulas and skeletal structures to represent organic acids

Use IUPAC nomenclature to name and construct representations of organic acids C1–C8

Conduct a secondary-source investigation to analyse the relationship between chain length, boiling point and solubility in water in unbranched carboxylic acids C1–C8

Outline the production of carboxylic acids through oxidation of primary alcohols

Conduct a laboratory experiment to identify the presence of a carboxylic acid

Analyse the effect of intermolecular forces on the boiling point and solubility trends of alkanes, alcohols and carboxylic acids

Apply stoichiometric calculations to determine the quantities of reactants and products in reactions involving carboxylic acids

Use molecular formulas, condensed structural formulas, expanded structural formulas and skeletal structures to represent esters

Use IUPAC nomenclature to name and construct representations of esters C1–C8

Construct representations of functional group isomers of carboxylic acids and esters C1–C8

Relate the boiling points of esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids to their structures

Relate the combustibility of esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids to their physical properties

Conduct a scientific investigation to safely produce and purify an ester in the school laboratory using a condensation reaction

Examine the role of esterification reactions in the condensation polymerisation process to produce polyester polymers

Solve chemical reaction problems involving the production of esters to determine the amounts of reactants and products

Construct flow charts to show reaction pathways for ester synthesis, including pathways that involve more than one step