Skip to content

A NSW Government website

Welcome to the NSW Curriculum website

NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

11–12History Extension 11–12 Syllabus

Record of changes
Implementation from 2026
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Year 12

History project

Historiographical skills

Students use a variety of sources to:

  • identify and analyse differing historical and historiographical interpretations or issues
  • explain why different producers of history have differing perspectives and approaches
  • develop and challenge a view(s) about historical or historiographical issues.

The historiographical skills are to be integrated with the History project.

The History project provides the opportunity for students to design and conduct an investigation into an area of historical and/or historiographical interpretation. Students work independently to plan and conduct their investigation. The investigation provides opportunities to apply the historiographical understanding developed through course work on the issues raised in the key questions and to produce an argument in response to a precise question.

Plan and conduct a substantial historiographical investigation
  • Identify a topic for a historiographical investigation

  • Locate, select, analyse, synthesise and evaluate historical information from a range of sources with differing perspectives and interpretations

Construct and communicate a position about an area of historiographical interpretation
  • Develop an understanding of historiographical issues relating to the topic and construct a precise question

  • Communicate through an essay of no more than 2500 words, to:

    • analyse historical and historiographical perspectives or issues
    • explain and argue for a historiographical position
    • discuss and challenge other historiographical positions
  • Use consistently formatted footnotes or endnotes to acknowledge the source of statements in the text or make minor clarifications to the text

  • Create a consistently formatted bibliography of all sources used in the project

  • Maintain a process log and documentation of historiographical investigation

History project content guidelines

The following guidelines for the History project focus area outline the process in planning and conducting the project.

Designing the investigation

The topic should reflect an area of student interest. The project:

  • must focus on the fundamental historiographical concepts and issues in History Extension

  • may be developed from a case study but must cover substantially different ground

  • must not overlap significantly with the examinable content of any Stage 6 course undertaken by the student

Topic development

The topic should be developed from one or more of the following areas:

  • differing interpretations of a historical debate or controversy

  • differing interpretations of an archaeological site over time

  • a particular historiographical issue, concept or controversy

  • a critical analysis of the work of a producer of history or an archaeologist

  • contrasting approaches to a historical personality, issue or event

  • the role of museums and memorials in representing history

  • differing forms of historical communication, for example film, documentary, fiction, docudrama.

Conducting the investigation

Students:

  • identify their topic area, inquiry questions, the precise question, and research intentions

  • choose research approaches to history that are best suited to their particular topic

  • consult a wide range of sources during their research

  • consult with appropriate experts where relevant during the development of their project

  • maintain a record of their development of the project in a process log

  • consider, where relevant, the ethical implications of the topics that are selected

Teachers should provide assistance to students on issues such as:

  • topic selection, planning and the development of a precise question

  • inquiry and research approaches appropriate to the topics selected by students

  • understanding and interpreting the findings of the research

  • developing a critical and coherent argument

  • preparation of the essay and bibliography

  • the evaluation of student progress through reviewing drafts of the project and monitoring the process log.

Certification of the History project

The History Project should be a product of the student’s own work and be free of plagiarism. Plagiarism may be broadly defined as presenting as one’s own, the thoughts, writings or inventions of another. While students may draw on the assistance of other people in developing the project, care must be taken to avoid practices that may be the subject of claims of academic misconduct, including plagiarism.

Certification is required to ensure that each project is wholly the work of the student entered for the HSC and has been completed under the supervision of the teacher.

It is essential that aspects of the process of development of the project take place in school time. Work completed away from school must be regularly monitored by the supervising teacher.

Each student must sign a statement, witnessed by the supervising teacher, that the submitted project is their own work. This signed History Project Declaration and Certification Form must be submitted with each essay and retained by the school in accordance with the school’s assessment policy.

Students maintain a record of their development of the project in a process log. Teachers are required to monitor the process log at regular intervals and sign/initial and date any comments. The process log must be retained for verification of authenticity and may be referenced by the school in the case of school-based assessment appeals. However, it need not be formally assessed as part of the school assessment program.

The process log should contain:

  • the topic choice, specific question and research intentions
  • sequentially dated records or digital recordings of the inquiry process, such as research plans, resourcing or correspondence
  • evidence of academic research such as sources, summaries and notes
  • progressive dated drafts of work
  • ethical considerations where relevant.
Criteria for assessment of the History project

Criteria for assessing the History project essay and bibliography are based on:

  • knowledge and understanding of historiographical approaches, concepts and issues

  • skills in historiographical inquiry

  • skills in the communication of historiographical issues.

Related files