11–12Economics 11–12 Syllabus (2025)

Principles of Loading  and Loading 

Identify comparative advantage for output from tables and production possibility frontiers (PPF)

Benefits of Loading , including greater access to resources, Loading , development of Loading , increased competition, lower prices, wider choice, higher living standards

Costs and benefits of global Loading  chains

Arguments for Loading , including supporting domestic employment in specific industries, shielding Loading , enabling self-sufficiency in strategic industries and preventing Loading 

Methods of protection, including Loading , Loading , Loading  and Loading 

Effects of trade protection on domestic and global economies

Identify the effects of tariffs on import-competing domestic markets, including size of the tariff, government revenue, total consumer spending, domestic producer revenue, quantity of imports and foreign producer revenue

Identify the effects of quotas on import-competing domestic markets, including size of the quotas, total consumer spending, domestic producer revenue and foreign producer revenue

Identify the effects of production subsidies on import-competing domestic markets, including the size of the subsidies, total consumer spending, domestic producer revenue, cost to government and foreign producer revenue

Interpret Loading  and supply graphs that demonstrate the effects of tariffs, quotas and subsidies on import-competing domestic markets

Interpret demand and supply graphs that demonstrate the effects of export subsidies on the world market, where world price equals equilibrium price

Arguments for and against the use of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, including Loading 

Role and effectiveness of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in facilitating Loading  and resolving trade disputes between member states

Reasons for major trends in global trade and protectionism

Extent to which Australian Government policies promote free trade

Types of international investment flows, including Loading  and Loading 

Costs and benefits of FDI and Loading  to the global economy

Costs and benefits of international portfolio investment to the global economy, including Loading , access to Loading , volatility and financial crisis contagion

Role and effectiveness of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in maintaining international financial stability

Features of Australia’s Loading , including Loading 

Construct and interpret demand and supply graphs to demonstrate how the value of a currency is determined under a floating exchange rate system

Reserve Bank of Australia’s (RBA) intervention in foreign exchange markets to affect the value of the Australian dollar during periods of significant market disorder

Domestic and global factors affecting demand and supply of the Australian dollar

Effects of Loading  movements on households, businesses, the government and the Australian economy

Reasons for major trends in the value of the Australian dollar

Features of Loading , including economic structure, education, health and sustainability

Relationship between Loading  and economic development, and the importance of inclusive and sustainable growth to long-term wellbeing

Measures of economic development, including the Human Development Index (HDI) and Loading  adjusted for a common currency, differences in population and Loading 

Characteristics of different types of economies, including least developed countries, Loading , Loading  and Loading 

Factors contributing to differences in economic development between countries, including strength of institutions, geography and natural resource endowment, quality of human capital and infrastructure

Global equity issues from the uneven distribution of economic costs associated with climate change

Effects of international economic development on the level and geographical distribution of Loading  in the global economy

Role and effectiveness of the World Bank Group (WBG) in achieving economic development in developing countries

Factors contributing to the vulnerability of the Australian economy to fluctuations in regional and Loading 

Factors contributing to the resilience of the Australian economy against Loading 

Effects of changes in the global economy on the performance and structure of Australia’s economy