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NSW Curriculum
NSW Education Standards Authority

11–12Earth and Environmental Science 11–12 Syllabus (2025)

Record of changes
Implementation from 2028
Expand for detailed implementation advice

Content

Year 11

Australia’s geological and energy resources

Relevant Working scientifically outcomes and content must be integrated with each focus area. All the Working scientifically outcomes and content must be addressed by the end of Year 12.

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Rocks, minerals and the rock cycle
  • Distinguish between rocks, minerals and ores

  • Relate plate boundary types to the occurrence of mafic and felsic magma types

  • Compare the chemical composition of mafic and felsic minerals

  • Conduct a practical investigation to identify mafic and felsic minerals by observing their physical properties using a dichotomous key

  • Explain the roles of pressure, heat, weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation, melting and solidification in the formation of regional and contact metamorphic rocks, clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks, and intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks in the rock cycle

  • Conduct a practical investigation using keys to identify clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks, intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, and regional and contact metamorphic rocks according to their physical properties

Mining resources
  • Outline the tectonic processes and environmental conditions which resulted in the formation of Australian ore deposits

  • Explain the role of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Traditional Custodians in mining processes

  • Use data to analyse the current and predicted economic impact of coal, oil, natural gas, copper, iron ore and aluminium on Australia

  • Conduct a secondary-source investigation to assess Australia’s critical minerals, their deposit location(s), reserves available and uses in a renewable energy economy

  • Explain how geological maps, remote sensing and direct sampling are used to explore for geological resources

  • Conduct a laboratory experiment to model a geomagnetic survey to locate a magnetic ore under the Earth’s surface

  • Evaluate the use of open pit mining, underground mining, and offshore and onshore drilling extraction techniques at a variety of locations

  • Assess practices used by mining companies to minimise environmental impact

  • Assess the impact of mining on Aboriginal Cultural sites and Country in the Pilbara and one NSW location

Energy resources
  • Compare the energy transformations involved in the generation of electric currents from turbines powered by coal, natural gas, wind and water

  • Conduct a practical investigation to generate an electric current using a turbine

  • Conduct a practical investigation to gather quantitative data on a factor affecting the power output of a photovoltaic cell

  • Relate the locations of existing Australian power generation from coal, natural gas, wind farm, solar farm and hydro-electric to environmental, topographic and population data

  • Conduct a secondary-source investigation to evaluate the capacity of potential future renewable power generation sites using sunlight, wind, rainfall, topographic and population data

  • Explain the role of consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples when considering potential power generation sites

  • Assess the need for energy storage associated with solar and wind power generation

  • Conduct a secondary-source investigation to compare the main uses of energy in Australian society

  • Justify the use of renewable and non-renewable sources to generate electricity

  • Relate supply and demand to the need for a mix of sources to supply energy

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